HTTP sends your data without transport encryption — anyone on the network path who can capture that traffic may be able to read it. HTTPS is HTTP over TLS: the browser verifies the server's certificate, the two sides agree on session keys, and everything after that is encrypted.
One detail most explainers get wrong: the certificate doesn't encrypt your data. It authenticates the server during connection setup. Encryption comes from the session keys negotiated in the handshake.
And the padlock only tells you the connection is private — not that the site is honest. A phishing site can hold a perfectly valid certificate.
What HTTPS does:
✔ Encrypts data in transit
✔ Verifies the server's identity
✘ Does not vouch for the site itself
Redirecting HTTP to HTTPS is good practice — but get the certificate and server configuration right first.
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